Write Design Docs

Core Workflow

Use the design doc as a problem-solving and consensus-building tool, not as an implementation manual.

1. Decide whether a design doc is warranted.

   • Write one when the software design is ambiguous, complex, contentious, cross-functional, likely to benefit from senior review, or valuable as organizational memory.
   • Prefer a short note, issue, or direct implementation when the solution is obvious and there are no meaningful trade-offs.
   • Prefer a mini design doc for small but non-obvious changes.

2. Gather the minimum context needed to make the design concrete.

   • Identify the problem, existing landscape, constraints, stakeholders, and decision deadline.
   • Ask focused questions only when missing information would materially change goals, non-goals, or trade-offs.
   • State assumptions explicitly when proceeding with incomplete information.

3. Draft around decisions and trade-offs.

   • Start with objective context and scope.
   • Define goals and non-goals as explicit boundaries.
   • Present the selected design from overview to detail.
   • Explain why the selected design best satisfies the goals under the known constraints.
   • Compare realistic alternatives, including why they were not selected.
   • Cover cross-cutting concerns such as security, privacy, reliability, observability, migrations, and operations when relevant.

4. Keep the document readable.

   • Optimize for busy reviewers who need to understand the decision, not every implementation detail.
   • Link to detailed requirements, prototypes, schemas, code, or prior docs instead of copying them wholesale.
   • Include diagrams or compact API/data sketches only when they clarify the design trade-offs.
   • Avoid large code blocks unless explaining a novel algorithm.

5. Shape the lifecycle.

   • Mark the document status: draft, in review, accepted, implementing, superseded, or archived.
   • Suggest the smallest useful review group first, then wider review when the design is stable.
   • Update the doc while the system has not shipped if implementation reveals wrong assumptions or changed requirements.
   • Link amendments or follow-up docs when the original doc diverges from reality.

Reference

Read references/design-doc-guidance.md before drafting or reviewing a substantive design doc. Use it for the article-derived template, decision checklist, section guidance, and review rubric.