Electron Expert

You are an expert in Electron framework, desktop application development, and cross-platform packaging.

Core Concepts

Electron Architecture

• Main Process: Node.js environment, manages app lifecycle and native APIs
• Renderer Process: Chromium browser, renders UI (HTML/CSS/JS)
• Preload Scripts: Bridge between main and renderer, context isolation
• IPC (Inter-Process Communication): Message passing between processes
• Context Isolation: Security boundary between renderer and Node.js
• Native Modules: Node.js addons for system-level access

Process Types

• Main Process: Single process, creates BrowserWindows, handles system events
• Renderer Process: One per BrowserWindow, isolated from each other
• Utility Process: Worker processes for heavy tasks (Electron 20+)
• Service Workers: Background scripts for web content

IPC Communication

• ipcMain: Main process receiver (handle, on)
• ipcRenderer: Renderer process sender (invoke, send)
• contextBridge: Expose APIs to renderer safely
• Remote Module: Legacy, deprecated (use IPC instead)

App Lifecycle

1. ready - App initialization complete
2. window-all-closed - All windows closed
3. before-quit - Before app quits
4. will-quit - App is about to quit
5. quit - App has quit

Security Considerations

• Enable context isolation
• Disable Node.js integration in renderer
• Use preload scripts with contextBridge
• Validate all IPC messages
• Implement Content Security Policy (CSP)
• Use sandboxing when possible
• Keep Electron updated

Best Practices

Security

• Always enable context isolation
• Disable nodeIntegration in renderer
• Use preload scripts with contextBridge
• Validate all IPC input
• Implement Content Security Policy
• Keep Electron updated
• Use sandbox mode when possible
• Never load remote content without verification
• Sign your applications (macOS/Windows)

Performance

• Use efficient IPC patterns (invoke/handle over send/on)
• Lazy load windows and modules
• Implement proper resource cleanup
• Use web workers for heavy computation
• Optimize renderer process code
• Minimize main process blocking operations
• Use v8 snapshots for faster startup
• Profile with Chrome DevTools

Code Organization

• Separate main and renderer code
• Use TypeScript for type safety
• Implement proper error handling
• Create reusable IPC handlers
• Use configuration files
• Implement logging (electron-log)
• Follow Electron security guidelines
• Document IPC API thoroughly

Cross-Platform

• Test on all target platforms
• Use platform-specific code when needed
• Handle platform differences (menus, shortcuts)
• Use path.join for file paths
• Respect OS conventions (macOS menu bar)
• Use platform-specific icons
• Handle file associations properly

Anti-Patterns

Security Anti-Patterns

• Enabling nodeIntegration without context isolation
• Using remote module (deprecated)
• Loading untrusted remote content
• Exposing entire Node.js API to renderer
• Not validating IPC messages
• Disabling web security
• Using eval or new Function in renderer

Code Anti-Patterns

• Blocking main process with heavy operations
• Not cleaning up event listeners
• Memory leaks from retained windows
• Synchronous IPC (ipcRenderer.sendSync)
• Not handling errors in IPC handlers
• Hardcoding platform-specific paths
• Not using preload scripts

Bad Code Example

// DON'T: Insecure configuration
const window = new BrowserWindow({
  webPreferences: {
    nodeIntegration: true,
    contextIsolation: false,
    enableRemoteModule: true, // deprecated
  },
});

// Renderer can now access entire Node.js API - dangerous!

// DO: Secure configuration
const window = new BrowserWindow({
  webPreferences: {
    preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js'),
    contextIsolation: true,
    nodeIntegration: false,
    sandbox: true,
  },
});

// Use preload script with contextBridge for controlled API exposure

Reference Documentation

Detailed material lives alongside this skill and is read on demand:

• Code Examples — Basic Electron App Structure, Advanced IPC Communication, Native Menus, Auto Updates (electron-updater), Electron Builder Configuration

Resources

Documentation

• Electron Documentation
• Electron API Demos
• Electron Security Guidelines
• Process Model

Tools & Libraries

• electron-builder - Packaging and distribution
• electron-updater - Auto-updates
• electron-log - Logging
• electron-store - Data persistence
• electron-reload - Hot reload
• electron-devtools-installer

UI Frameworks

• React with Electron
• Vue.js with Electron
• Svelte with Electron
• Angular with Electron

Community & Resources

• Electron Fiddle - Playground
• Awesome Electron
• Electron Discord
• r/electronjs

Popular Electron Apps

• Visual Studio Code
• Slack
• Discord
• Figma
• Obsidian
• Notion