Building IOC Enrichment Pipeline with OpenCTI
Overview
OpenCTI is an open-source platform for managing cyber threat intelligence knowledge, built on STIX 2.1 as its native data model. This skill covers building an automated IOC enrichment pipeline using OpenCTI's connector ecosystem to enrich indicators with context from VirusTotal, Shodan, AbuseIPDB, GreyNoise, and other sources. The pipeline automatically enriches newly ingested indicators, correlates them with known threat actors and campaigns, and scores them for analyst prioritization.
When to Use
- When deploying or configuring building ioc enrichment pipeline with opencti capabilities in your environment
- When establishing security controls aligned to compliance requirements
- When building or improving security architecture for this domain
- When conducting security assessments that require this implementation
Prerequisites
- Docker and Docker Compose for OpenCTI deployment
- Python 3.9+ with
pyctilibrary - API keys for enrichment services: VirusTotal, Shodan, AbuseIPDB, GreyNoise
- Understanding of STIX 2.1 data model and relationships
- ElasticSearch or OpenSearch for OpenCTI backend
- RabbitMQ or Redis for connector messaging
Key Concepts
OpenCTI Architecture
OpenCTI uses a GraphQL API frontend backed by ElasticSearch for storage and Redis/RabbitMQ for connector communication. Data is natively stored as STIX 2.1 objects with relationships. Connectors are categorized as: External Import (feed ingestion), Internal Import (file parsing), Internal Enrichment (context addition), and Stream (real-time export).
Enrichment Connector Model
Internal enrichment connectors are triggered automatically when new observables are created or manually by analysts. Each connector receives STIX objects, queries external services, and returns STIX 2.1 bundles that augment the original observable with additional context, labels, and relationships.
Confidence Scoring
OpenCTI uses a 0-100 confidence scale for indicators. Enrichment connectors can update confidence scores based on external validation: VirusTotal detection ratios, Shodan exposure data, AbuseIPDB report counts, and GreyNoise classification results.
Workflow
Step 1: Deploy OpenCTI with Docker Compose
# docker-compose.yml (key services)
version: '3'
services:
opencti:
image: opencti/platform:6.4.4
environment:
- APP__PORT=8080
- APP__ADMIN__EMAIL=admin@opencti.io
- APP__ADMIN__PASSWORD=ChangeMeNow
- APP__ADMIN__TOKEN=your-admin-token-uuid
- ELASTICSEARCH__URL=http://elasticsearch:9200
- MINIO__ENDPOINT=minio
- RABBITMQ__HOSTNAME=rabbitmq
ports:
- "8080:8080"
depends_on:
- elasticsearch
- minio
- rabbitmq
- redis
connector-virustotal:
image: opencti/connector-virustotal:6.4.4
environment:
- OPENCTI_URL=http://opencti:8080
- OPENCTI_TOKEN=your-admin-token-uuid
- CONNECTOR_ID=connector-virustotal-id
- CONNECTOR_NAME=VirusTotal
- CONNECTOR_SCOPE=StixFile,Artifact,IPv4-Addr,Domain-Name,Url
- CONNECTOR_AUTO=true
- VIRUSTOTAL_TOKEN=your-vt-api-key
- VIRUSTOTAL_MAX_TLP=TLP:AMBER
connector-shodan:
image: opencti/connector-shodan:6.4.4
environment:
- OPENCTI_URL=http://opencti:8080
- OPENCTI_TOKEN=your-admin-token-uuid
- CONNECTOR_ID=connector-shodan-id
- CONNECTOR_NAME=Shodan
- CONNECTOR_SCOPE=IPv4-Addr
- CONNECTOR_AUTO=true
- SHODAN_TOKEN=your-shodan-api-key
- SHODAN_MAX_TLP=TLP:AMBER
connector-abuseipdb:
image: opencti/connector-abuseipdb:6.4.4
environment:
- OPENCTI_URL=http://opencti:8080
- OPENCTI_TOKEN=your-admin-token-uuid
- CONNECTOR_ID=connector-abuseipdb-id
- CONNECTOR_NAME=AbuseIPDB
- CONNECTOR_SCOPE=IPv4-Addr
- CONNECTOR_AUTO=true
- ABUSEIPDB_API_KEY=your-abuseipdb-key
Step 2: Build Custom Enrichment Connector
import os
from pycti import OpenCTIConnectorHelper, get_config_variable
from stix2 import (
Bundle, Indicator, Note, Relationship,
IPv4Address, DomainName
)
import requests
class CustomEnrichmentConnector:
def __init__(self):
config = {
"opencti": {
"url": os.environ.get("OPENCTI_URL"),
"token": os.environ.get("OPENCTI_TOKEN"),
},
"connector": {
"id": os.environ.get("CONNECTOR_ID"),
"name": "CustomEnrichment",
"scope": "IPv4-Addr,Domain-Name,Url",
"auto": True,
"type": "INTERNAL_ENRICHMENT",
},
}
self.helper = OpenCTIConnectorHelper(config)
self.helper.listen(self._process_message)
def _process_message(self, data):
entity_id = data["entity_id"]
stix_object = self.helper.api.stix_cyber_observable.read(id=entity_id)
if not stix_object:
return "Observable not found"
observable_type = stix_object["entity_type"]
observable_value = stix_object.get("value", "")
enrichment_results = []
if observable_type == "IPv4-Addr":
enrichment_results = self._enrich_ip(observable_value, entity_id)
elif observable_type == "Domain-Name":
enrichment_results = self._enrich_domain(observable_value, entity_id)
if enrichment_results:
bundle = Bundle(objects=enrichment_results, allow_custom=True)
self.helper.send_stix2_bundle(bundle.serialize())
return "Enrichment completed"
def _enrich_ip(self, ip_address, entity_id):
"""Enrich IP address with GreyNoise, AbuseIPDB context."""
objects = []
# GreyNoise Community API
try:
gn_response = requests.get(
f"https://api.greynoise.io/v3/community/{ip_address}",
headers={"key": os.environ.get("GREYNOISE_API_KEY")},
timeout=30,
)
if gn_response.status_code == 200:
gn_data = gn_response.json()
classification = gn_data.get("classification", "unknown")
noise = gn_data.get("noise", False)
riot = gn_data.get("riot", False)
note_content = (
f"## GreyNoise Enrichment\n"
f"- Classification: {classification}\n"
f"- Internet Noise: {noise}\n"
f"- RIOT (Benign Service): {riot}\n"
f"- Name: {gn_data.get('name', 'N/A')}\n"
f"- Last Seen: {gn_data.get('last_seen', 'N/A')}"
)
note = Note(
content=note_content,
object_refs=[entity_id],
abstract=f"GreyNoise: {classification}",
allow_custom=True,
)
objects.append(note)
# Add labels based on classification
if classification == "malicious":
self.helper.api.stix_cyber_observable.add_label(
id=entity_id, label_name="greynoise:malicious"
)
elif riot:
self.helper.api.stix_cyber_observable.add_label(
id=entity_id, label_name="greynoise:benign-service"
)
except Exception as e:
self.helper.log_error(f"GreyNoise enrichment failed: {e}")
return objects
def _enrich_domain(self, domain, entity_id):
"""Enrich domain with WHOIS and DNS context."""
objects = []
try:
# Use SecurityTrails API for domain enrichment
st_response = requests.get(
f"https://api.securitytrails.com/v1/domain/{domain}",
headers={"APIKEY": os.environ.get("SECURITYTRAILS_API_KEY")},
timeout=30,
)
if st_response.status_code == 200:
st_data = st_response.json()
current_dns = st_data.get("current_dns", {})
a_records = [
r.get("ip") for r in current_dns.get("a", {}).get("values", [])
]
note_content = (
f"## SecurityTrails Enrichment\n"
f"- A Records: {', '.join(a_records)}\n"
f"- Alexa Rank: {st_data.get('alexa_rank', 'N/A')}\n"
f"- Hostname: {st_data.get('hostname', 'N/A')}"
)
note = Note(
content=note_content,
object_refs=[entity_id],
abstract=f"SecurityTrails: {domain}",
allow_custom=True,
)
objects.append(note)
except Exception as e:
self.helper.log_error(f"SecurityTrails enrichment failed: {e}")
return objects
if __name__ == "__main__":
connector = CustomEnrichmentConnector()