Responsive Web Design
Build adaptive interfaces using modern CSS techniques for all screen sizes.
Mobile-First Media Queries
/* Base: Mobile (320px+) */
.container {
padding: 1rem;
}
/* Tablet (640px+) */
@media (min-width: 640px) {
.container {
padding: 2rem;
max-width: 640px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
}
/* Desktop (1024px+) */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
.container {
max-width: 1024px;
}
}
Flexible Grid
.grid {
display: grid;
gap: 1rem;
grid-template-columns: 1fr; /* Mobile: single column */
}
@media (min-width: 640px) {
.grid {
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); /* Tablet: 2 columns */
}
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
.grid {
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); /* Desktop: 3 columns */
}
}
Fluid Typography
/* Scales smoothly between breakpoints */
h1 {
font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 3rem);
}
p {
font-size: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 1.25rem);
}
Responsive Images
img {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
.hero-image {
width: 100%;
aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
object-fit: cover;
}
Flexbox Navigation
.nav {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 0.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.nav {
flex-direction: row;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
}
}
Best Practices
- Start with mobile styles first
- Use flexible units (%, rem, vw)
- Test on real devices
- Ensure minimum 48px touch targets
- Maintain readable line lengths (45-75 chars)
- Use CSS Grid for 2D layouts, Flexbox for 1D