SQL Server on Azure Virtual Machines Skill

This skill provides expert guidance for SQL Server on Azure Virtual Machines. Covers troubleshooting, best practices, decision making, architecture & design patterns, limits & quotas, security, configuration, integrations & coding patterns, and deployment. It combines local quick-reference content with remote documentation fetching capabilities.

How to Use This Skill

IMPORTANT for Agent: Use the Category Index below to locate relevant sections. For categories with line ranges (e.g., L35-L120), use read_file with the specified lines. For categories with file links (e.g., [security.md](security.md)), use read_file on the linked reference file

IMPORTANT for Agent: If metadata.generated_at is more than 3 months old, suggest the user pull the latest version from the repository. If mcp_microsoftdocs tools are not available, suggest the user install it: Installation Guide

This skill requires network access to fetch documentation content:

Preferred: Use mcp_microsoftdocs:microsoft_docs_fetch with query string from=learn-agent-skill. Returns Markdown.
Fallback: Use fetch_webpage with query string from=learn-agent-skill&accept=text/markdown. Returns Markdown.

Category Index

Category	Lines	Description
Troubleshooting	L37-L52	Diagnosing and fixing performance, connectivity, capacity, memory, I/O, and transaction log issues for Azure SQL Database, Managed Instance, and SQL Server on Azure VMs.
Best Practices	L53-L67	Best practices for SQL Server on Azure VMs: sizing, storage, tempdb, performance tuning, baselines, HADR/FCI with DNN, backups/restores, and planned maintenance preparation.
Decision Making	L68-L79	Guidance for choosing Azure SQL options and pricing, comparing SQL VMs vs Managed Instance, planning migrations (including Db2), HADR choices, regional feature support, and SQL VM licensing/AHB.
Architecture & Design Patterns	L80-L88	High-level designs and patterns for SQL Server on Azure VMs: connectivity, Always On availability groups, failover cluster instances, and Windows Server Failover Clustering setup.
Limits & Quotas	L89-L93	Info on Azure SQL capacity limits, DTU benchmark behavior, regional feature availability, and how to request quota increases for databases and managed instances
Security	L94-L103	Securing SQL Server on Azure VMs: policies, TLS cert rotation, Key Vault/EKM, managed identities, Entra auth, Extended Security Updates, hardening guidance, and confidential VM deployment.
Configuration	L104-L147	Configuring SQL Server on Azure VMs: AG/FCI setup, listeners, load balancers, clustering, storage, backups, monitoring, IaaS Agent, and VM/SQL edition/version settings.
Integrations & Coding Patterns	L148-L153	Backing up SQL Server on Azure VMs directly to Azure Blob Storage, including configurations that use managed identities instead of stored credentials.
Deployment	L154-L169	Deploying and configuring SQL Server availability groups and FCIs on Azure VMs, including single/multi-subnet, cross-region setups, migrations, and disk/Confidential VM deployment.

Troubleshooting

Topic	URL
Resolve capacity errors when deploying Azure SQL resources	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/capacity-errors-troubleshoot?view=azuresql
Fix slow database import and export in Azure SQL	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/database-import-export-hang?view=azuresql
Troubleshoot and mitigate transient connectivity errors in Azure SQL	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/troubleshoot-common-connectivity-issues?view=azuresql
Troubleshoot Azure SQL and Fabric SQL connectivity errors	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/troubleshoot-common-errors-issues?view=azuresql
Troubleshoot geo-replication and redo lag in Azure SQL Database	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/troubleshoot-geo-replication-redo?view=azuresql
Investigate and fix memory issues in Azure SQL Database	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/troubleshoot-memory-errors-issues?view=azuresql
Diagnose and fix Azure SQL DB transaction log full errors	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/troubleshoot-transaction-log-errors-issues?view=azuresql-db
Resolve known issues in Azure SQL Managed Instance	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/managed-instance/doc-changes-updates-known-issues?view=azuresql
Resolve transaction log full errors in Azure SQL Managed Instance	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/managed-instance/troubleshoot-transaction-log-errors-issues?view=azuresql-mi
Resolve common SQL Server on Azure VM issues	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/frequently-asked-questions-faq?view=azuresql
Troubleshoot SQL Server IaaS Agent extension issues on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/sql-agent-extension-troubleshoot-known-issues?view=azuresql
Diagnose I/O throttling for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/storage-performance-analysis?view=azuresql

Best Practices

Topic	URL
Prepare for planned maintenance in Azure SQL	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/planned-maintenance?view=azuresql
Use SQL features with DNN listeners on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-dnn-interoperability?view=azuresql
Apply backup and restore strategies for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/backup-restore?view=azuresql
Use SQL Server features with FCI DNN on Azure	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/failover-cluster-instance-dnn-interoperability?view=azuresql
Configure HADR clusters for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/hadr-cluster-best-practices?view=azuresql
Apply performance best-practice checklist for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/performance-guidelines-best-practices-checklist?view=azuresql
Collect performance baselines for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/performance-guidelines-best-practices-collect-baseline?view=azuresql
Optimize Azure SQL VM storage performance configuration	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/performance-guidelines-best-practices-storage?view=azuresql
Apply VM sizing performance best practices for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/performance-guidelines-best-practices-vm-size?view=azuresql
Run SQL best practices assessment for Azure SQL VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/sql-assessment-for-sql-vm?view=azuresql
Optimize SQL Server tempdb using Azure VM ephemeral storage	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/tempdb-ephemeral-storage?view=azuresql

Decision Making

Topic	URL
Use Azure SQL decision tree to choose service	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/azure-sql-decision-tree?view=azuresql
Check Azure SQL Database feature availability by region	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/region-availability?view=azuresql
Plan and modernize SQL Server workloads to Azure SQL	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/migration-guides/modernization?view=azuresql
Plan and execute Db2 to SQL on Azure VM migration	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/migration-guides/virtual-machines/db2-to-sql-on-azure-vm-guide?view=azuresql
Use Modernization Advisor to compare SQL VM vs Managed Instance	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/modernization-advisor?view=azuresql
Choose HADR options for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/business-continuity-high-availability-disaster-recovery-hadr-overview?view=azuresql
Switch SQL Server VM licensing to Azure Hybrid Benefit	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/licensing-model-azure-hybrid-benefit-ahb-change?view=azuresql
Choose cost‑effective pricing for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/pricing-guidance?view=azuresql

Architecture & Design Patterns

Topic	URL
Understand connectivity architecture for Azure SQL Database	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/connectivity-architecture?view=azuresql
Apply SQL Server application patterns on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/application-patterns-development-strategies?view=azuresql
Design Always On availability groups for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-overview?view=azuresql
Understand failover cluster instances for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/failover-cluster-instance-overview?view=azuresql
Use Windows Server Failover Clustering with SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/hadr-windows-server-failover-cluster-overview?view=azuresql

Limits & Quotas

Topic	URL
Understand DTU benchmark characteristics for Azure SQL	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/dtu-benchmark?view=azuresql

Security

Topic	URL
Use built-in Azure Policy definitions for Azure SQL	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/policy-reference?view=azuresql
Prepare for Azure SQL TLS root certificate rotation	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/updates/ssl-root-certificate-expiring?view=azuresql
Configure Azure Key Vault integration for SQL Server VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/azure-key-vault-integration-configure?view=azuresql
Enable Microsoft Entra authentication for SQL Server VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/configure-azure-ad-authentication-for-sql-vm?view=azuresql
Configure Extended Security Updates for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/extended-security-updates-sql-vm?view=azuresql
Harden SQL Server on Azure VMs with security best practices	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/security-considerations-best-practices?view=azuresql

Configuration

Topic	URL
Identify modifiable settings in Azure SQL Database	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/modifiable-configuration-reference?view=azuresql
Reference for Azure SQL Database monitoring metrics and logs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/monitoring-sql-database-azure-monitor-reference?view=azuresql
Modify Azure SQL Managed Instance configuration settings	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/managed-instance/modifiable-configuration-reference?view=azuresql
Reference Azure Monitor metrics for SQL Managed Instance	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/managed-instance/monitoring-sql-managed-instance-azure-monitor-reference?view=azuresql
Set up Always On AG with DH2i DxEnterprise on Azure	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/linux/dh2i-high-availability-tutorial?view=azuresql
Configure availability group listener for Linux SQL VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/linux/high-availability-listener-tutorial?view=azuresql
Configure RHEL cluster and fencing for SQL AG on Azure	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/linux/rhel-high-availability-fencing-tutorial?view=azuresql
Configure SLES cluster and STONITH for SQL AG on Azure	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/linux/sles-high-availability-fencing-tutorial?view=azuresql
Register Linux SQL Server VM with IaaS Agent extension	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/linux/sql-iaas-agent-extension-register-vm-linux?view=azuresql
Configure Ubuntu availability group for SQL on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/linux/ubuntu-high-availability-fencing-tutorial?view=azuresql
Create SQL Server on Azure VM with PowerShell	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/scripts/create-sql-vm-powershell?view=azuresql
Configure automated backups for SQL Server 2014 VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/automated-backup-sql-2014?view=azuresql
Configure automated backups for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/automated-backup?view=azuresql
Configure domain-independent SQL AG on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-clusterless-workgroup-configure?view=azuresql
Configure DNN listener for SQL availability groups on VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-distributed-network-name-dnn-listener-configure?view=azuresql
Configure AG listeners and load balancer via PowerShell	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-listener-powershell-configure?view=azuresql
Configure load balancer and AG listener in Azure portal	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-load-balancer-portal-configure?view=azuresql
Configure SQL Server AG with Azure quickstart template	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-quickstart-template-configure?view=azuresql
Configure Azure Load Balancer for SQL AG VNN listener	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-vnn-azure-load-balancer-configure?view=azuresql
Change SQL Server edition in-place on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/change-sql-server-edition?view=azuresql
Upgrade or downgrade SQL Server version in-place on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/change-sql-server-version?view=azuresql
Configure SQL Server on Azure VM deployment options	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/create-sql-vm-portal?view=azuresql
Provision SQL Server on Azure VMs with advanced PowerShell options	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/create-sql-vm-powershell?view=azuresql
Configure SQL Server on Azure Dedicated Host	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/dedicated-host?view=azuresql
Manually configure SQL FCI with Azure Elastic SAN	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/failover-cluster-instance-azure-elastic-san-manually-configure?view=azuresql
Manually configure SQL FCI with Azure shared disks	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/failover-cluster-instance-azure-shared-disks-manually-configure?view=azuresql
Configure distributed network name for SQL FCI on Azure	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/failover-cluster-instance-distributed-network-name-dnn-configure?view=azuresql
Create SQL failover cluster instance using premium file shares	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/failover-cluster-instance-premium-file-share-manually-configure?view=azuresql
Prepare Azure VMs for SQL failover cluster instances	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/failover-cluster-instance-prepare-vm?view=azuresql
Configure SQL FCI using Storage Spaces Direct on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/failover-cluster-instance-storage-spaces-direct-manually-configure?view=azuresql
Configure Azure Load Balancer for SQL FCI VNN	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/failover-cluster-instance-vnn-azure-load-balancer-configure?view=azuresql
Configure cluster quorum for SQL Server VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/hadr-cluster-quorum-configure-how-to?view=azuresql
Configure SQL Server VM settings in Azure portal	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/manage-sql-vm-portal?view=azuresql
Enable automatic SQL IaaS Agent extension registration for all SQL VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/sql-agent-extension-automatic-registration-all-vms?view=azuresql
Manually register SQL Server VM with SQL IaaS Agent	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/sql-agent-extension-manually-register-single-vm?view=azuresql
Bulk register SQL Server VMs with the SQL IaaS Agent extension	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/sql-agent-extension-manually-register-vms-bulk?view=azuresql
Configure Azure Elastic SAN for SQL Server VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/storage-configuration-azure-elastic-san?view=azuresql
Configure storage layout for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/storage-configuration?view=azuresql
Configure vCore customization for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/vm-vcore-customization-for-sql?view=azuresql
Configure connectivity options for SQL Server on Azure VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/ways-to-connect-to-sql?view=azuresql

Integrations & Coding Patterns

Topic	URL
Back up SQL Server on Azure VMs to Azure Blob Storage	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/azure-storage-sql-server-backup-restore-use?view=azuresql
Back up SQL Server VM databases to Blob using managed identity	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/backup-restore-to-url-using-managed-identities?view=azuresql

Deployment

Topic	URL
Check Azure SQL Managed Instance feature availability by region	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/managed-instance/region-availability?view=azuresql
Deploy multi-subnet availability group using PowerShell/CLI	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-az-commandline-configure-multi-subnet?view=azuresql
Deploy single-subnet availability group via PowerShell/CLI	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-az-commandline-configure?view=azuresql
Configure cross-region multi-subnet availability group	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-manually-configure-multi-subnet-multiple-regions?view=azuresql
Configure cross-region availability group for SQL VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-manually-configure-multiple-regions?view=azuresql
Prepare prerequisites for single-subnet availability groups	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-manually-configure-prerequisites-tutorial-single-subnet?view=azuresql
Configure multi-subnet availability group on SQL VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-manually-configure-tutorial-multi-subnet?view=azuresql
Configure single-subnet Always On availability group	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-manually-configure-tutorial-single-subnet?view=azuresql
Migrate availability group from single to multi-subnet	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/availability-group-manually-migrate-multi-subnet?view=azuresql
Migrate SQL Server VMs to another Azure region	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/move-sql-vm-different-region?view=azuresql
Deploy SQL Server on Azure Confidential VMs	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/sql-vm-create-confidential-vm-how-to?view=azuresql
Migrate SQL Server VM log disk to Azure Ultra Disk	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/storage-migrate-to-ultradisk?view=azuresql
Migrate SQL FCI to Azure VMs with Azure Migrate	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/data-migration/sql-server/virtual-machines/failover-cluster-instance-migrate

azure-sql-virtual-machines