Claude Code Security Settings

When to Use This Skill

Expert knowledge for configuring Claude Code security and permissions.

Core Concepts

Claude Code provides multiple layers of security:

1. Permission wildcards - Granular tool access control
2. Shell operator protections - Prevents command injection
3. Project-level settings - Scoped configurations

Permission Configuration

Settings File Locations

Permission Structure

{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": [
      "Bash(git status *)",
      "Bash(npm run *)"
    ],
    "deny": [
      "Bash(rm -rf *)",
      "Bash(sudo *)"
    ]
  }
}

Wildcard Permission Patterns

Syntax

Bash(command *)

• Bash() - Tool identifier
• command - Command prefix to match
• * - Wildcard suffix matching any arguments
• :ask suffix - Always prompt for user confirmation (e.g., Bash(git push *):ask)

Permission Tiers

Pattern Examples

Pattern Best Practices

Granular permissions:

{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": [
      "Bash(git status *)",
      "Bash(git diff *)",
      "Bash(git log *)",
      "Bash(git add *)",
      "Bash(git commit *)"
    ]
  }
}

Tool-specific patterns:

{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": [
      "Bash(bun test *)",
      "Bash(bun run *)",
      "Bash(biome check *)",
      "Bash(prettier *)"
    ]
  }
}

Flag-Scoped Deny Rules: Use the Space Form

When a deny rule targets a specific flag (a force-push backstop is the canonical case), write it in space form — the trailing * enforces a word boundary, so the prefix must be followed by a space or end-of-string and the rule stops at the exact flag:

{
  "permissions": {
    "deny": [
      "Bash(git push --force *)",
      "Bash(git push -f *)"
    ]
  }
}

Gotcha — colon form widens to longer flags. The :* suffix ("Bash(git push --force:*)") has been observed prefix-matching the raw command string, so it also matched git push --force-with-lease … — silently hard-blocking the safe recovery form that stacked-PR workflows depend on. Deny rules cannot be overridden except via bypassPermissions, so the widening is a hard block, not a prompt (laurigates/claude-plugins#2038, caught in laurigates/loractl#39). Current official docs state an end-of-pattern :* is equivalent to the trailing space form, but the equivalence is not version-pinned in the changelog and the widening was observed in practice — the space form's word-boundary semantics are explicit, stable, and match what the permission dialog itself writes when you approve a prefix.

When auditing or generating deny entries, flag any entry ending in a flag followed by :* (e.g. --force:*, -f:*) and rewrite it to the space form.

Shell Operator Protections

Claude Code 2.1.7+ includes built-in protections against dangerous shell operators.

Protected Operators

Security Behavior

When a command contains shell operators:

1. Permission wildcards won't match
2. User sees explicit approval prompt
3. Warning explains the blocked operator

Auto mode (the default permission mode)

In auto mode there is no approval prompt for most actions. A command matching a narrow allow rule (Bash(git status *)) runs immediately; deny rules and :ask suffixes still resolve first in every mode. Anything else — including shell-operator compounds that no wildcard matches — goes to the safety classifier, which allows or blocks it; on a block Claude receives the reason and tries an alternative (3 consecutive or 20 total blocks pause auto mode and resume prompting). Broad rules (Bash(*), Bash(python*), Agent) are dropped on entering auto mode, so they buy nothing. Audit for: broad allow rules (dead weight), and destructive commands that rely on a prompt rather than a deny — under auto mode a prompt is not guaranteed. See .claude/rules/auto-mode.md.

Safe Compound Commands

For legitimate compound commands, use scripts:

#!/bin/bash
# scripts/deploy.sh
npm test && npm run build && npm run deploy

Then allow the script:

{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": ["Bash(./scripts/deploy.sh *)"]
  }
}

Common Permission Sets

Read-Only Development

{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": [
      "Bash(git status *)",
      "Bash(git diff *)",
      "Bash(git log *)",
      "Bash(git branch *)",
      "Bash(npm list *)",
      "Bash(bun pm ls *)"
    ]
  }
}

Full Git Workflow

{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": [
      "Bash(git status *)",
      "Bash(git diff *)",
      "Bash(git log *)",
      "Bash(git branch *)",
      "Bash(git add *)",
      "Bash(git commit *)",
      "Bash(git push *)",
      "Bash(git pull *)",
      "Bash(git fetch *)",
      "Bash(git checkout *)",
      "Bash(git merge *)",
      "Bash(git rebase *)"
    ]
  }
}

CI/CD Operations

{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": [
      "Bash(gh pr *)",
      "Bash(gh run *)",
      "Bash(gh issue *)",
      "Bash(gh workflow *)"
    ]
  }
}

Testing & Linting

{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": [
      "Bash(bun test *)",
      "Bash(npm test *)",
      "Bash(vitest *)",
      "Bash(jest *)",
      "Bash(biome *)",
      "Bash(eslint *)",
      "Bash(prettier *)"
    ]
  }
}

Security Scanning

{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": [
      "Bash(pre-commit *)",
      "Bash(gitleaks *)",
      "Bash(trivy *)"
    ]
  }
}

Project Setup Guide

1. Create Settings Directory

mkdir -p .claude

2. Create Project Settings

cat > .claude/settings.json << 'EOF'
{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": [
      "Bash(git status *)",
      "Bash(git diff *)",
      "Bash(npm run *)"
    ]
  }
}
EOF

3. Add to .gitignore (for local settings)

echo ".claude/settings.local.json" >> .gitignore

4. Create Local Settings (optional)

cat > .claude/settings.local.json << 'EOF'
{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": [
      "Bash(docker *)"
    ]
  }
}
EOF

Agentic Optimizations

Quick Reference

Permission Priority

Settings merge with this priority (highest wins):

1. .claude/settings.local.json (local)
2. .claude/settings.json (project)
3. ~/.claude/settings.json (user)

Wildcard Syntax

Deny Patterns

Block specific commands:

{
  "permissions": {
    "deny": [
      "Bash(rm -rf *)",
      "Bash(sudo *)",
      "Bash(chmod 777 *)"
    ]
  }
}

Flag-scoped deny rules (blocking a specific flag such as --force) must use the space form, never :* — see "Flag-Scoped Deny Rules: Use the Space Form" above.

Error Handling

Best Practices

1. Start restrictive - Add permissions as needed
2. Use project settings - Keep team aligned
3. Use specific Bash patterns - Bash(git status *) over Bash
4. Script compound commands - For && and \| workflows
5. Review periodically - Remove unused permissions