Spring Data Elasticsearch - Quick Reference

Full Reference: See advanced.md for aggregations, autocomplete/suggestions, bulk operations, index management, and Testcontainers integration.

Deep Knowledge: Use mcp__documentation__fetch_docs with technology: spring-data-elasticsearch for comprehensive documentation.

Dependencies

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId>
</dependency>

Configuration

spring:
  elasticsearch:
    uris: http://localhost:9200
    username: ${ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME:}
    password: ${ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD:}
    connection-timeout: 5s
    socket-timeout: 30s

Document Mapping

@Document(indexName = "products")
public class Product {

    @Id
    private String id;

    @Field(type = FieldType.Text, analyzer = "standard")
    private String name;

    @Field(type = FieldType.Text, analyzer = "standard")
    private String description;

    @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword)
    private String category;

    @Field(type = FieldType.Double)
    private BigDecimal price;

    @Field(type = FieldType.Integer)
    private Integer stock;

    @Field(type = FieldType.Boolean)
    private boolean active;

    @Field(type = FieldType.Date, format = DateFormat.date_hour_minute_second)
    private LocalDateTime createdAt;

    @Field(type = FieldType.Nested)
    private List<ProductAttribute> attributes;

    @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword)
    private List<String> tags;
}

Repository Pattern

public interface ProductRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Product, String> {

    List<Product> findByCategory(String category);
    List<Product> findByNameContaining(String name);
    List<Product> findByPriceBetween(BigDecimal min, BigDecimal max);
    List<Product> findByActiveTrue();

    // Pagination
    Page<Product> findByCategory(String category, Pageable pageable);

    // Sorting
    List<Product> findByCategoryOrderByPriceAsc(String category);

    // Count / Exists / Delete
    long countByCategory(String category);
    boolean existsByName(String name);
    void deleteByCategory(String category);
}

Custom Queries

public interface ProductRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Product, String> {

    @Query("""
        {
          "multi_match": {
            "query": "?0",
            "fields": ["name^3", "description", "tags"],
            "type": "best_fields",
            "fuzziness": "AUTO"
          }
        }
        """)
    Page<Product> fullTextSearch(String query, Pageable pageable);
}

ElasticsearchOperations

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class ProductSearchService {

    private final ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;

    public SearchHits<Product> search(ProductSearchCriteria criteria) {
        BoolQuery.Builder boolQuery = new BoolQuery.Builder();

        if (StringUtils.hasText(criteria.getQuery())) {
            boolQuery.must(MultiMatchQuery.of(m -> m
                .query(criteria.getQuery())
                .fields("name^3", "description", "tags")
                .fuzziness("AUTO")
            )._toQuery());
        }

        if (StringUtils.hasText(criteria.getCategory())) {
            boolQuery.filter(TermQuery.of(t -> t
                .field("category")
                .value(criteria.getCategory())
            )._toQuery());
        }

        NativeQuery query = NativeQuery.builder()
            .withQuery(boolQuery.build()._toQuery())
            .withPageable(PageRequest.of(criteria.getPage(), criteria.getSize()))
            .build();

        return elasticsearchOperations.search(query, Product.class);
    }
}

Best Practices

Do	Don't
Use appropriate field types	Map everything as text
Define proper analyzers	Use default for all
Use filters for exact matches	Use match for keywords
Paginate large result sets	Fetch all documents at once

When NOT to Use This Skill

Raw Elasticsearch API - Use elasticsearch skill for REST API
ELK stack setup - Use elasticsearch skill
Primary database - Elasticsearch is for search, not ACID transactions

Anti-Patterns

Anti-Pattern	Problem	Solution
Refresh after each write	Performance degradation	Use refresh_interval, batch
Deep pagination with from/size	Memory issues	Use search_after
Mapping all as text	Poor search, high disk	Use appropriate field types
No index lifecycle	Disk exhaustion	Configure ILM policies
Fetching all fields	Wasted bandwidth	Use source filtering

Quick Troubleshooting

Problem	Diagnostic	Fix
Connection failed	Check Elasticsearch running	Start ES, check URI, SSL
Index not found	Check index name	Create index, check @Document
Mapping conflict	Check field types	Reindex with correct mapping
Search returns nothing	Check analyzer	Test with _analyze API
Version conflict	Check @Version	Handle OptimisticLockingFailureException

Production Checklist

Reference Documentation

Spring Data Elasticsearch Reference